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The three stages of labor: from early contractions to delivery of the placenta

NNova editorial team · 5 min read

Labor is usually described in three stages: cervical dilation, birth of the baby, and delivery of the placenta. The stages help you know what to expect, but the length of each one varies a lot from person to person.

The three stages of labor

Labor is usually divided into three stages: cervical dilation, birth of the baby, and delivery of the placenta. This framework helps you understand what is happening, even though the pace is different for everyone.

  • First stage: regular contractions and gradual dilation of the cervix. Many people find that walking, changing positions, or moving helps. The first stage is often split into early (latent) and active labor.
  • Second stage: full dilation (10 centimeters), pushing, and birth of the baby.
  • Third stage: separation and delivery of the placenta, usually within about 30 minutes after birth. Your provider will check for bleeding during this time.

Many US hospitals use active management of the third stage, which can include a medicine to help the uterus contract and gentle cord care. This approach lowers the risk of heavy bleeding. Ask your provider about the options so you know what to expect.

Contact your OB-GYN, midwife, or go to the hospital right away if you have heavy bleeding, green or blood-stained amniotic fluid, a fever, a sudden change in how you feel, or noticeably fewer baby movements during labor. Call 911 for severe bleeding, trouble breathing, chest pain, or a seizure.

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General information only; it does not replace advice from your doctor or midwife.